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Kesar Digum

Knowledge Center

Professional Information Worth Knowing

Guides, regulations and frequently asked questions in the world of sampling and testing - Legionella, drinking water, pipe disinfection, food sampling, wastewater and mikvehs. Practical knowledge from the lab, in clear language.

Biofilm in the dental unit waterlines - magnified cross-section of dental clinic tubing, Kesar Digum
Dental Clinics

Biofilm in the Dental Unit: Why Clean Tap Water Is Not the End of the Story

The feed water is fine, but the unit water runs through internal lines where biofilm forms. What to know about maintenance, testing, and disinfection.

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Bacterial colonies in a petri dish next to food samples in a laboratory - abnormal food test result, Kesar Digum
Food Sampling

A Food Test Came Back Abnormal: What Now?

An abnormal lab finding is where the investigation begins: reading the result, environmental sampling to find the source, cleaning, disinfection and follow-up sampling.

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A food sample being examined in an accredited laboratory - food testing for businesses, Kesar Digum
Food Sampling

Food Testing for Businesses: From the Food Consultant to Sampling, Lab Testing and Acting on the Results

What happens after a food consultant recommends testing: choosing the right test, certified sampling, ISO 17025 labs and what to do when bacteria are found.

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A lab pipette dripping a sample onto a tomato in a Petri dish - chemical food testing for pesticide residues and heavy metals
Food Sampling

Chemical Food Testing: What You Check Beyond Bacteria

What a chemical test finds that a bacterial test misses, where the contaminant enters and when it is worth testing.

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Picking up a food sample with tweezers into a Petri dish beside a microscope and test tubes - microbial food testing
Food Sampling

Microbial Food Testing - What You Test and Why

Which bacteria you look for in a food sample, what each test reveals and how correct sampling protects the business.

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A measuring glass with clear water on a laboratory sink - a verification sample after disinfecting a water system
Piping Disinfection

Verification Sampling After Disinfection: How You Know It Worked

What the sample taken after disinfection actually verifies, what the regulations require of the sampler, and what to do when the result is out of range.

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A sample taken in an active restaurant kitchen beside fresh vegetables - food sampling and hygiene testing in eateries
Food Sampling

What Is Really Tested in a Restaurant Kitchen?

What is sampled in an eatery's kitchen beyond the dish itself, where the risk is higher and what to do when an abnormal result comes back.

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Laboratory microscope analysing water samples for Legionella bacteria
Legionella

What is the Legionella bacterium and why is it dangerous?

Everything you need to know about the bacterium, routes of infection, at-risk populations and the Israeli testing standard.

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Collecting a drinking water sample from a tap for laboratory testing
Water Testing

Grade A vs Grade B drinking water testing

The difference between the tests, when each is required and how often they must be performed.

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New building water pipe manifold before occupancy, prior to pipe disinfection for Form 4
Pipe Disinfection

Pipe disinfection approval for Form 4 - a contractor's guide

What a contractor needs before occupancy, how the disinfection process works and which documents you receive.

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Sampling food items in petri dishes for microbiological laboratory testing
Food Sampling

Food testing for restaurants and catering - what is required

Which food and surface tests are required in a food business, how often and why it is critical.

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Large water storage reservoir with level gauge and access ladder, requiring periodic cleaning and disinfection
Water Reservoirs

How often should a water reservoir be cleaned and disinfected?

Cleaning frequency under the Public Health Regulations, warning signs and what a proper disinfection process includes.

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Public swimming pool with clear water, requiring periodic water quality testing
Swimming Pools

Water testing for a public pool under Ministry of Health rules

Which parameters are tested in a pool, sampling frequency and the requirements for opening the bathing season.

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Backflow preventer assembly installed on a main water line, requiring annual testing
Backflow Preventer

What is a backflow preventer and who must have an annual test?

Why a backflow preventer is needed, who is required to install one and undergo periodic certified testing.

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Industrial wastewater discharging from an outlet pipe at an effluent sampling point
Wastewater Sampling

Industrial wastewater sampling - the water utility's rules

What is tested in industrial wastewater, how wastewater levies are set and how to avoid fines.

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Mosaic-tiled immersion pool, illustrative image for mikveh water testing
Mikvehs

Water testing for a mikveh - requirements and guidelines

Which tests are required in a public mikveh, sampling frequency and ensuring bather safety.

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Laboratory technician examining samples under a microscope in an ISO 17025 accredited lab
Standards

Why it matters that the laboratory is ISO 17025 accredited

What the accreditation means, how it ensures reliable results and why the regulator requires it.

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Legionella laboratory test tube as part of a healthcare facility sampling plan
Healthcare Institutions

Water sampling plan for healthcare institutions

Why hospitals, nursing homes and clinics must have an organized sampling plan and what it includes.

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Water sample test tube analysed in the lab for contamination
Contamination Event

What to do when water contamination is found? Response procedure

The steps of immediate response to contamination, rapid PCR testing and a safe return to routine.

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